Katagirya, Eric https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9662-2861
Mlotshwa, Busisiwe https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7444-3937
Kyobe, Samuel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0444-5608
Mwesigwa, Savannah
Retshabile, Gaone https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1721-0963
Williams, Lesedi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3506-9695
Amujal, Marion
Mukisa, John https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9208-0313
Mboowa, Gerald https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8445-9414
Kateete, David P.
Wayengera, Misaki
Mpoloka, Sununguko Wata https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0147-1819
Mirembe, Angella N.
Kasvosve, Ishmael
Morapedi, Koketso
Dlamini, Makhosazana
Nsangi, Betty
Kisitu, Grace P.
Kekitiinwa, Adeodata R.
Anabwani, Gabriel
Joloba, Moses L.
Wampande, Eddie Mujjwiga
Kiragga, Dithan https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4103-7690
Anabwani-Richter, Florence
Brown, Chester W.
Mardon, Graeme https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4265-4072
Hanchard, Neil A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1925-2665
Matshaba, Mogomotsi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-1218
,
Tsimako- Johnstone, Masego
Mathuba, Keofentse
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (U54AI110398)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (U54AI110398)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (U54AI110398)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (U54AI110398)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (U54AI110398)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (U54AI110398)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (U54AI110398)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (U54AI110398)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (U54AI110398)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (U54AI110398)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U01HD114479)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U01HD114479)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U01HD114479)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U01HD114479)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U01HD114479)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U01HD114479)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U01HD114479)
Article History
Received: 29 April 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 24 March 2026
Competing interests
: Gerald Mboowa is an Editorial Board Member for Communications Medicine but was not involved in the editorial review or peer review, nor in the decision to publish this article.