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Article History

Received: 14 March 2025

Accepted: 2 December 2025

First Online: 23 December 2025

Competing interests

: Antoine Boué: Astellas (invited speaker). Giulia Baciarello: Astellas (advisory board, invited speaker). Emmanuel Meyer: Astellas (invited speaker), Ipsen (invited speaker), Recordati (invited speaker). François Christy: no competing interest. Nedjla Allouache: no competing interest. Raffaele Ratta: Astellas (invited speaker), AstraZeneca (advisory board), Bristol Meyer Squibb (advisory board), Ipsen (invited speaker), Janssen (advisory board), Merck (advisory board), Novartis (advisory board), Pfizer (advisory board). Philippe Beuzeboc: no competing interest. Pierre-Emmanuel Brachet: no competing interest. Estelle Guerdoux: CanceroConsult (invited speaker). Amélie Darlix: Novocure (advisory board), Servier (advisory board). Mathieu Boone: Novocure (invited speaker), Servier (advisory board). Sophie Gouerant: no competing interest. Alexandra Leconte: no competing interest. Justine Lequesne: no competing interest. Bénédicte Clarisse: Astellas (institutional financial support), Pfizer (institutional financial support, product samples). Karim Fizazi: AAA (advisory board), Arvinas (advisory board), Astellas (advisory board, invited speaker), AstraZeneca (advisory board, invited speaker, research grant, principal investigator), Bayer (advisory board, invited speaker, research grant, principal investigator), BMS (research grant, principal investigator), Clovis (principal investigator), Curevac (advisory board), Daiichi Sankyo (advisory board), Janssen (adivsory board, invited speaker, trial chair, research grant), Macrogenics (advisory board), Merck (principal investigator), MSD (advisory board, invited speaker, research grant), Novartis (invited speaker), Novartis/AAA (advisory board, principal investigator), Orion (advisory board, research grant, principal investigator), Pfizer (advisory board, invited speaker, research grant, principal investigator), Sanofi (invited speaker). Marie Lange: no competing interest. Florence Joly: Amgen (invited speaker), Astellas (advisory board, research grant), AstraZeneca (advisory board, invited speaker, coordinating principal investigator), Bayer (advisory board), BMS (research grant), Chugai (travel and congress), Esai (advisory board, invited speaker, travel), GCIG (member), GSK (advisory board, invited speaker, coordinating principal investigator, travel), Ipsen (advisory board, invited speaker, travel and congress), Janssen (advisory board, invited speaker, research grant, funding), MSD (advisory board, invited speaker, travel and congress), Novartis/AAA (invited speaker), Novocure (advisory board), Pfizer (advisory board), Seagen (Advisory board), Viatris (invited speaker).