Mesinovic, Munib https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3757-7877
Bich, Hai Ho https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6344-0180
Trieu, Ly Vo
Quoc, Viet Nguyen
Thanh, Ngoc Nguyen
Hoang, Tuan Anh Nguyen
Hoang, Minh Tu Van
Khanh, Phan Nguyen Quoc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7455-8862
Vo, Xuan Huy
Hong, Phuc Vo https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7709-9264
Van, Khoa Le Dinh
Minh, Yen Lam
Thwaites, Louise https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4666-9813
Zhu, Tingting https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1552-5630
Funding for this research was provided by:
EPSRC CDT Health Data Science
Royal Academy of Engineering
Article History
Received: 14 September 2025
Accepted: 10 December 2025
First Online: 16 January 2026
Competing interests
: We declare no competing interests.