Lai, Ka Yan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0764-244X
Webster, Chris https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2171-7495
Gallacher, John https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2394-5299
Sarkar, Chinmoy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5374-217X
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Hong Kong (2311101555)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/T0333771)
Article History
Received: 25 May 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 26 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests. C.S. declares his role as a consultant for the US National Academy of Medicine’s Grand Challenge on Climate Change, Human Health, & Equity.