Hong, Yunqi
Kao, Kuei-Chun
Edwards, Liam
Liu, Nein-Tzu
Huang, Chung-Yen
Oliveira-Kowaleski, Alex https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0569-815X
Hsieh, Cho-Jui
Lin, Neil Y. C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8653-1894
Funding for this research was provided by:
NSF | ENG/OAD | Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (CBET-2244760)
NSF | BIO | Division of Biological Infrastructure (DBI-2325121)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35GM146735)
NSF | Directorate for Computer & Information Science & Engineering | Division of Information and Intelligent Systems (IIS-2048280)
Article History
Received: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 19 February 2026
First Online: 7 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.