Nguyen, Khanh T.
Ozgur, O. Sila
Jain, Rohil
Taveras, Christopher
Ajenu, Emmanuella O.
Pugeda, Tyler
Muzikansky, Alona
Rabi, Seyed Alireza
Osho, Asishana A.
Kheir, John N.
Vakhshoori, Daryoosh
Uygun, Korkut
Romfh, Padraic https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-9822
Tessier, Shannon N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-232X
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK134590)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL157803)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R24OD034189)
National Science Foundation (EEC 1941543)
Polsky Family Foundation, and Shriners Children’s Boston
Article History
Received: 23 October 2024
Accepted: 5 March 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare competing interests. S.N.T., J.N.K., and P.R. have provisional patent applications relevant to this study. D.V. and P.R. are employees and shareholders of Pendar Technologies. S.N.T.’s are managed by MGH and Partners HealthCare in accordance with their conflict-of-interest policies. J.N.K.’s competing interests are managed by BCH’s conflict-of-interest policies. D.V. and P.R.’s competing interests are subject to the Research Integrity Policy of Pendar Technologies. The following patented technologies have been used in this study: US2020/0281474A1 In-vivo monitoring of cellular energetics with Raman spectroscopy (application). Additional patent applications for use in ophthalmology, tissue viability, and burn injury assessment using Resonance Raman Spectroscopy have been submitted, where R.J. is also an inventor. Finally, a patent disclosure was submitted for the use of methylene blue to overcome ischemia-reperfusion injury, where K.T.N., O.S.O., and S.N.T. are co-inventors. This does not alter our adherence to journal policies on sharing data and materials. All other authors do not have competing interests.