Tan, Eugene Yew Kun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1918-8416
Peng, Tian-Yu https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0391-2746
Wakabayashi, Taku https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2083-3590
Chiba, Shunsuke https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2039-023X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education - Singapore (Academic Research Fund Tier 2: MOE-T2EP10122-0007)
National Research Foundation Singapore (CREATE-Decarbonisation Grand Challenge Project-SM3)
Article History
Received: 10 November 2025
Accepted: 10 February 2026
First Online: 4 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.