Lin, Xiaoying
Kim, Chansong
Vo, Thi
Waltmann, Tommy
Liu, Haihua
Lu, Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7029-855X
Li, Jiahui https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9100-6579
Liu, Yu-Shen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9353-732X
Kannur, Suraj https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3148-5277
Lee, Junseo
Hwang, Chu-Yun
Kalutantirige, Falon C.
Yao, Lehan
Kotov, Nicholas A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6864-5804
Glotzer, Sharon C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7197-0085
Chen, Qian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-441X
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (2243104)
National Science Foundation (2243104)
National Science Foundation (2243104)
National Science Foundation (2243104)
National Science Foundation (2243104)
National Science Foundation (2243104)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-06CH11357)
Article History
Received: 24 January 2026
Accepted: 13 May 2026
First Online: 18 June 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.