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Article History

Received: 5 April 2024

Accepted: 9 January 2025

First Online: 13 February 2025

Competing interests

: K.H. has been a Joint Research Chair in collaboration with Toa Eiyo since February 2021 and has served as a medical adviser for Toa Eiyo since December 2021. K.H. has two granted (PCT/JP2012/071594 and PCT/JP2021/008689) and one patent pending (PCT/JP2021/025687). K.H. reports lecture fees from Nihon Medi-Physics. K.H. is the president (unpaid) of the Tochino Foundation and the Society of Triglyceride Biology and Medicine (TGBM). K.S. reports lecture fees from Bayer Yakuhin, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Novartis Pharma and Otsuka Pharmaceutical. H.M. has a patent granted (PCT/JP2023/032407) and is a director (unpaid) of TGBM. H.M. reports lecture fees from Nihon Medi-Physics and Toa Eiyo. Y. Nakano reports a grant from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science outside the submitted work and lecture fees from Otsuka Pharma, Kowa, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo and Ono Pharmaceutical. C.H. is a representative caretaker (unpaid) of the TGCV/NLSD Patient Association, a director (unpaid) of TGBM and an employee of the Tochino Foundation. K. Nakajima receives funds for the endowed department (Functional Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Kanazawa University) from Siemens Healthcare Japan, Nihon Medi-Physics (Japan) and PDRadiopharma (Japan); he has collaborated with Spectrum Dynamics Medical (Israel). S.Y. reports research grants from Nihon Medi-Physics and the Kowa Health Science Council. S.Y. is a representative director (unpaid) of Triglyceride Laboratory and Business and a managing director (paid) of the Tochino Foundation, which paid joint research fees to Osaka University. Y.Y. is a nutritional adviser (unpaid) for the TGCV/NLSD Patient Association. Y.Y., N.Z. and Y. Ikeda have a patent granted (PCT/JP2012/071594). M.H. reports a Takeda Research Grant outside the submitted work and lecture fees from Sumitomo, Novartis, Ono, Kyowa-Kirin, Takeda, Eisai, Otsuka and Chugai. T.A. reports lecture fees from Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo and Bristol Myers Squibb. S.F. reports lecture fees from Nihon Medi-Physics and Toa Eiyo Ltd. Y.S. reports collaborative research with TOSHIBA., Fuji Yakuhin and FornesLife, and speaker/lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Ono Pharmaceutical, Eli Lilly, Kowa Pharmaceutical and Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim outside the submitted work. K.K. is a director (unpaid) of TGBM. The other authors declare no competing interests.