Maatz, Henrike
Lindberg, Eric L.
Adami, Eleonora
López-Anguita, Natalia
Perdomo-Sabogal, Alvaro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1677-8963
Cocera Ortega, Lucía
Patone, Giannino https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7242-0341
Reichart, Daniel
Myronova, Anna
Schmidt, Sabine
Elsanhoury, Ahmed
Klein, Oliver
Kühl, Uwe
Wyler, Emanuel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9884-1806
Landthaler, Markus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1075-8734
Yousefian, Schayan
Haas, Simon
Kurth, Florian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3807-473X
Teichmann, Sarah A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6294-6366
Oudit, Gavin Y.
Milting, Hendrik
Noseda, Michela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9553-5029
Seidman, Jonathan G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-3566
Seidman, Christine E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6380-1209
Heidecker, Bettina
Sander, Leif E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0476-9947
Sawitzki, Birgit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8166-8579
Klingel, Karin
Doeblin, Patrick
Kelle, Sebastian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8105-6599
Van Linthout, Sophie
Hubner, Norbert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1218-6223
Tschöpe, Carsten
Article History
Received: 12 August 2024
Accepted: 10 January 2025
First Online: 24 February 2025
Competing interests
: The following authors report competing interests. C.E.S. and J.G.S. (Maze, BridgeBio and Bristol Myers Squibb); board of directors: C.E.S. (Burroughs Wellcome Fund US and Merck). In the past 3 years, S.A.T. has consulted or been a member of scientific advisory boards at GlaxoSmithKline, Qiagen, ForeSite Labs and Element Biosciences and is an equity holder of Transition Bio and EnsoCell Therapeutics. All companies were not involved in any aspect of the study’s experimental design, execution and analyses or in the preparation of the manuscript. B.H. (together with Joshua M. Hare) is inventor on a granted patent application (application number EP2152916A1, European Patent Office) filed by the University of Miami that uses RNA for diagnosis of myocarditis. This patent application does not cover specific aspects of this paper. All other authors do not declare any competing interests.
: This study followed ethical guidelines with informed consent obtained for all samples and protocols approved by institutional ethics committees. Data were analyzed with awareness of potential biases. We are committed to promoting equity and inclusion in research while advancing scientific understanding.