Wang, Qianru https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-7522
Tang, Tiffany M.
Youlton, Michelle
Weldy, Chad S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4652-6422
Kenney, Ana M.
Ronen, Omer
Hughes, J. Weston https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7042-4031
Chin, Elizabeth T.
Sutton, Shirley C.
Agarwal, Abhineet
Li, Xiao
Behr, Merle
Kumbier, Karl
Moravec, Christine S.
Tang, W. H. Wilson https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8335-735X
Margulies, Kenneth B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-4465
Cappola, Thomas P.
Butte, Atul J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7433-2740
Arnaout, Rima https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7134-0040
Brown, James B.
Priest, James R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2505-617X
Parikh, Victoria N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5138-5559
Yu, Bin
Ashley, Euan A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-9577
Funding for this research was provided by:
American Heart Association (23POST1023278, 23CDA1042900)
National Science Foundation (DGE-2146752, IIS 1741340, DMS-1613002)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (F32HL160067, L30HL159413, K08HL143185, 1R01HL144843)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (K08HL167699, R01HL105993, R01HL105993, R01HL105993, R01HL105993)
This work was supported in part by a Chan Zuckerberg Biohub – San Francisco Intercampus Research Award to Dr. Atul J. Butte.
This work was supported in part by a Chan Zuckerberg Biohub – San Francisco Intercampus Research Award to Dr. Rima Arnaout.
This work was supported in part by a Chan Zuckerberg Biohub – San Francisco Intercampus Research Award to Dr. James B. Brown.
This work was supported in part by a Chan Zuckerberg Biohub – San Francisco Intercampus Research Award to Dr. James R. Priest.
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM152718)
This work was supported in part by a Chan Zuckerberg Biohub – San Francisco Intercampus Research Award and a Weill Neurohub grant to Dr. Bin Yu.
This work was supported in part by a Chan Zuckerberg Biohub – San Francisco Intercampus Research Award to Dr. Euan A. Ashley.
Article History
Received: 16 November 2023
Accepted: 14 April 2025
First Online: 5 June 2025
Competing interests
: E.A.A. is a founder of Personalis, Deepcell, Svexa, Candela, Saturnus Bio and Parameter Health; an advisor to SequenceBio, Foresite Labs, Pacific Biosciences and Versant Ventures; a non-executive director for AstraZeneca and Svexa; and a stockholder in Pacific Biosciences and AstraZeneca; and has received in-kind collaborative support from Illumina, Pacific Biosciences, Oxford Nanopore, Cache and Cellsonics. V.N.P. is a Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) member for and receives research support from BioMarin, Inc., a SAB member for Lexeo Therapeutics and a consultant for Constantiam Biosciences and viz.ai. C.S.W. is a consultant for AiRNA Bio and Avidity Biosciences. While these companies may have interests in genomics or cardiovascular health, they had no direct role in the design, data presentation, analysis or interpretation of this study. The other authors declare no competing interest.