Khetarpal, Sumeet A.
Li, Haobo
Vitale, Tevis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0479-128X
Rhee, James https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2181-4957
Challa, Saketh
Castro, Claire https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6309-1689
Pabel, Steffen https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1121-4889
Sun, Yizhi
Liu, Jing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7962-3096
Bogoslavski, Dina
Vargas-Castillo, Ariana https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3239-6022
Smythers, Amanda L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1552-6705
Blackmore, Katherine A.
Grauvogel, Louisa
Mittenbühler, Melanie J.
Khandekar, Melin J.
Curtin, Casie
Narvaez-Paliza, Jose Max
Wang, Chunyan
Houstis, Nicholas E.
Sprenger, Hans-Georg
Jurgens, Sean J.
Biddinger, Kiran J.
Kuznetsov, Alexandra
Freeman, Rebecca
Ellinor, Patrick T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2067-0533
Nahrendorf, Matthias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4021-1887
Paulo, Joao A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4291-413X
Gygi, Steven P.
Dumesic, Phillip A.
Asnani, Aarti
Aragam, Krishna G.
Puigserver, Pere
Roh, Jason D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6999-6868
Spiegelman, Bruce M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7658-4802
Rosenzweig, Anthony https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6387-0386
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01 DK119117, K08 HL177169, R01HL171201, R21AG077040, 1T32GM145407, K08HL140200, R01 HL163172, HL145019, DK125722, K76AG064328, R01HL170058, R01 AG061034, R35 HL155318)
American Heart Association (20CDA35310184, 24SCEFIA1253853)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (461079553)
Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation (DRG 120-17)
Article History
Received: 1 June 2024
Accepted: 14 August 2025
First Online: 24 September 2025
Competing interests
: B.M.S. is an inventor on patent WO2015051007A1; the patent applicant is Dana Farber Cancer Institute. Inventors include B.M.S. and Christiane D. Wrann (not affiliated with this study). The application number is WO2015051007A1. Patent is currently active. No aspect of the current paper is covered in the patent application. A.A. is an inventor on patent US20210163495A1; the patent applicant is The General Hospital Corporation. Inventors include A.A. and several investigators unaffiliated with this study (R. T. Peterson, Y. Liu, B. Zheng, Y. Wang). The application number is US20210163495A1. The patent is currently active. No aspect of this paper is covered in the patent application. J.D.R. and A.R. are inventors on patent US11834508B2; patent applicants are Norvartis AG and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Inventors include J.D.R., A.R. and D. J. Glass (not affiliated with this study). The application number is US11834508B2. The patent is currently active. No aspect of the current study is covered in the patent application. In addition, we note the additional following competing interests. B.M.S. is an academic cofounder and consultant for Aevum Therapeutics, all unrelated to this current work. J.R. is a consultant for Takeda Neurosciences, unrelated to the current work. S.P. is currently employed by the Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research. J.D.R. has received research support from Amgen, Genentech and Keros, all unrelated to this current work. A.R. is a scientific founder of Thryv Therapeutics, unrelated to this current work. M.N. has received funds or material research support from Alnylam, Biotronik, CSL Behring, GlycoMimetics, GSK, Medtronic, Novartis and Pfizer, as well as consulting fees from Biogen, Gimv, IFM Therapeutics, Molecular Imaging, Sigilon, Verseau Therapeutics and Bitterroot, all unrelated to the current work. A.A. reports on the Board of Directors of Corventum. The other authors declare no competing interests.