Guo, Fanhua https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3968-8455
Zhao, Chenyang
Shou, Qinyang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3343-3895
Jin, Ning
Jann, Kay
Shao, Xingfeng
Wang, Danny JJ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0840-7062
Funding for this research was provided by:
NSF | NSF Office of the Director | Office of Diversity and Inclusion (S10-OD025312)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (RF1-AG084072)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01-EB032169, R01-EB028297)
Article History
Received: 17 February 2025
Accepted: 27 August 2025
First Online: 25 September 2025
Competing interests
: N.J. is an employee of Siemens Healthineers, supporting the 4D-flow in this study. The other authors declare no competing interests.