Simpson, Nicholas
Sabour, Salma
Zvobgo, Luckson
Potts, Andrew
Williams, Portia Adade
Clarke, Joanne
Trisos, Christopher H.
Funding for this research was provided by:
British Academy ODA Challenge-Oriented Research Grants 2024 (IOCRG\100137)
British Academy ODA Challenge-Oriented Research Grants 2024 (IOCRG\100137)
British Academy ODA Challenge-Oriented Research Grants 2024 (IOCRG\100137)
National Geographic Society
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (404833)
Article History
Received: 5 December 2025
Accepted: 13 April 2026
First Online: 22 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.