Griffin, Meghan Rochelle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9312-4867
Bertram, Spencer E. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7382-6687
Robison, Noah P. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5845-3379
Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Angela https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1802-1785
Janardan, Ravi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3922-6763
McAlpine, Michael C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7869-7598
Article History
Received: 5 February 2025
Accepted: 1 August 2025
First Online: 14 August 2025
Competing interests
: M.R.G., S.E.B., R.J., A.P-M., and M.C.M. have filed patent application US 18/769,027 “Directional Imaging Based Toolpath Determination.” The other authors declare no competing interests.