Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Hanrahan, John G.
Starup-Hansen, Joachim
Dimitrakakis, Emmanouil
Marcus, Hani J.
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
NIHR Academic Clinical Fellowship
Panda Surgical
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 27 March 2025
Accepted: 23 November 2025
First Online: 9 January 2026
Competing interests
: Dimitrakakis and Marcus are employed by and hold shares in Panda Surgical. Two patents are registered to Dimitrakakis that relate to the device evaluated in this research: Robotic surgical systems having handheld controllers for releasably coupling interchangeable dexterous end-effectors (Patent number: 12257015) and Handheld surgical systems with interchangeable dexterous end-effectors (Patent number: 12150729). Marcus and Hanrahan are authors of the IDEAL Robotics Framework. There are no other competing interests.
