Carvalho, Adriana Rosa
Villasante, Sebastian
Lazzari, Natali
Issifu, Ibrahim
Kinds, Arne
Majluf, Patricia
Palomares, Maria Lourdes
Skerritt, Daniel J.
Alam, Lubna
Lam, Vicky W. Y.
Noleto-Filho, Eurico Mesquita
Reis-Filho, José Amorim
Teh, Louise
Teh, Lydia
Rashid Sumaila, U.
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Horizon 2020 Program, ERC Consolidator (101002784)
European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie (101153695)
Article History
Received: 28 June 2024
Accepted: 12 June 2025
First Online: 9 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. We note that Rashid Sumaila serves as Editor-in-Chief and Sebastian Villasante serves as Associate Editor for npj Ocean Sustainability. Neither authors were involved in the editorial process or peer review of this paper, which was handled independently following the journal’s standard procedures to ensure impartiality.