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Authors
Borowski, Shelby
Edwards, Emily R.
Geraci, Joseph C.
Gildea, Sarah M.
Hwang, Irving
Kennedy, Chris J.
Liu, Howard
Luedtke, Alex
Sampson, Nancy A.
Benedek, David M.
Capaldi, Vincent F.
Naifeh, James A.
Nock, Matthew K.
Wagner, James
Stein, Murray B.
Ursano, Robert J.
Kessler, Ronald C.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Clinical Sciences Research and Development Service (CSR&D) VA-STARRS Researcher-in-Residence Program (Project SPR-002-24F)
U.S. Department of Defense (HU0001-15-2-0004)
U.S. Department of Defense (HU0001-15-2-0004)
U.S. Department of Defense (HU0001-15-2-0004)
U.S. Department of Defense (HU0001-15-2-0004)
National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH087981)
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Article History
Received: 26 August 2025
Accepted: 26 January 2026
First Online: 12 February 2026
Competing interests
: In the past 3 years, Dr. Kessler was a consultant for Cambridge Health Alliance, Child Mind Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, RallyPoint LLC., Sage Therapeutics, University of Michigan, and University of North Carolina. He has stock options in Cerebral Inc., Mirah, PYM (Prepare Your Mind), and Verisense Health. He has an ownership interest in Menssano LLC. In the past 3 years, Dr. Stein received consulting income from Actelion, Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Aptinyx, atai Life Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bionomics, BioXcel Therapeutics, Clexio, EmpowerPharm, Engrail Therapeutics, GW Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, and Roche/Genentech. He has stock options in Oxeia Biopharmaceuticals and EpiVario. He is paid for his editorial work on Biological Psychiatry (Deputy Editor) and UpToDate (Co-Editor-in-Chief for Psychiatry). The rest of the authors have declared no other conflicts of interest.
