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Article History

Received: 4 April 2023

Accepted: 6 March 2024

First Online: 9 May 2024

Competing interests

: S.L., S.B., M.B., H.C.B., A.K., B.-W.K., L.S. and N.V. submitted a provisional patent “Systems and Methods Integrating Cognitive Science with Machine Learning for High Accuracy Prediction of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors”. The provisional application is led by University of Cincinnati (Office of Innovation) in conjunction with Northwestern University, Application # 63/551,326. The other authors declare no competing interests.

: De-identified data were collected by a third-party vendor (Gold Research) to reflect the general population demographics in the United States at the time of collection (December 2021) and with oversampling by 15% for mental health conditions. All participants provided informed consent, which included their primary participation in the study as well as the secondary use of their anonymized, de-identified data (that is, all identifying information removed by Gold Research Inc. before retrieval by the research group) in secondary analyses. Informed consent was obtained for all participants, as approved by the Institutional Review Board of Northwestern University (NU; approval no. STU00213665) for initial project start and later also approved by the University of Cincinnati (UC) Institutional Review Board (approval no. 2023-0164) as some NU investigators moved to UC. All work was done in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.