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Article History

Received: 19 July 2024

Accepted: 16 January 2025

First Online: 13 February 2025

Competing interests

: R.D.G., I.K., P.J.C. and C.J.H. are supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR203316). M.T. and T.P. are NIHR clinical lecturers. A.I.A. is supported by the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. I.K. declares additional funding for this work through the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) (MR/T033371/1), and NIHR Development and Skills Enhancement Award (NIHR301616). I.K. is also in receipt of grant funding from Novo Nordisk for an investigator-initiated study of semaglutide in Alzheimer’s disease; he is paid a medical advisor for digital healthcare companies in the dementia space (Five Lives SAS, Cognetivity Ltd, Cognes Ltd). R.M. declares additional funding outside of this work by a Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Career Development Fellowship (224625/Z/21/Z). P.J.C. declares additional funding for this work through the UK MRC (grant MR/ K022202). M.S. has received honoraria or has been a consultant for Angelini, AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lundbeck and Otsuka. R.M. has received speaker/consultancy fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Karuna, Lundbeck, Otsuka and Viatris, and co-directs a company that designs digital resources to support treatment of mental ill health. T.P. has participated in educational speaker meetings for Lundbeck, Otsuka, Sunovion, Janssen, Schwabe Pharma, ROVI Biotech and Recordati; he receives book royalties from Wiley Blackwell; he co-directs a company that designs digital resources to support treatment of mental ill health. C.J.H. has received consultancy fees from P1vital, Lundbeck, Servier, UCB, Zogenix, J&J and Syndesi outside of the current work. The other authors declare no competing interests.