Kamath, Srinivas
Sokolenko, Elysia
Clark, Scott R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1640-5611
Cross, Courtney B.
Scott, Jacqui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1036-6992
Wardill, Hannah R.
Margolis, Kara G.
Forsythe, Paul
Burnet, Philip W. J.
Dinan, Timothy G.
Cryan, John F. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5887-2723
Lowry, Christopher A.
Joyce, Paul https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3619-7901
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hospital Research Foundation (2022-CF-EMCR-004-25314, 2021/81-QA25313)
U.S. Department of Defense (W911NF-21-S-0008)
Research Ireland Centre Grant
Article History
Received: 8 April 2025
Accepted: 18 August 2025
First Online: 19 September 2025
Competing interests
: J.F.C. has received research funding from IFF, Nutricia and Kerry Foods, and has been an invited speaker at meetings organized by Bromotech, Nestle, Nutricia and Yakult. C.A.L. is cofounder and member of the scientific advisory board of Mycobacteria Therapeutics Corporation (Kioga), and in the previous 3 years has been a member of the faculty of Clinical Care Options (CCO), the Integrative Psychiatry Institute, the Institute for Brain Potential and Intelligent Health. In the previous 3 years, C.A.L. served on the scientific advisory board of Immodulon Therapeutics. The other authors declare no competing interests.