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Authors
Houtsma, Claire https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3455-5325
Kennedy, Chris J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7444-2766
Liu, Howard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0747-7886
Edwards, Emily R.
Sampson, Nancy A.
Geraci, Joe C.
Marx, Brian P.
Nock, Matthew K.
Wagner, James https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8823-3110
Stein, Murray B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9564-2871
Ursano, Robert J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1861-9173
Kessler, Ronald C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4831-2305
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Clinical Sciences Research and Development Service (CSR&D) Clinical Sciences Research and Development Service VA-STARRS Researcher-in-Residence Program
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH135131)
United States Department of Defense | U.S. Army (U01MH087981)
U.S. Department of Defense (HU0001-15-2-0004))
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Article History
Received: 31 January 2025
Accepted: 5 November 2025
First Online: 31 December 2025
Competing interests
: In the past 3 years, R.C.K. was a consultant for Cambridge Health Alliance, Canandaigua VA Medical Center, Child Mind Institute, Holmusk, Massachusetts General Hospital, Partners Healthcare, Inc., RallyPoint Networks, Inc., Sage Therapeutics and University of North Carolina. He has stock options in Cerebral Inc., Mirah, PYM (Prepare Your Mind), Roga Sciences and Verisense Health. In the past 3 years, M.B.S. received consulting income from Actelion, Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Aptinyx, atai Life Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bionomics, BioXcel Therapeutics, Clexio, EmpowerPharm, Engrail Therapeutics, GW Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Jazz Pharmaceuticals and Roche/Genentech. He has stock options in Oxeia Biopharmaceuticals and EpiVario. He is paid for his editorial work on Biological Psychiatry (deputy editor) and UpToDate (co-editor-in-chief for psychiatry). No other disclosures reported.
