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Authors
Hou, Wenjie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3418-2768
Zhu, Daqian
Sahakian, Barbara J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7352-1745
Cortese, Samuele https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-8075
Langley, Christelle https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5061-2820
Luo, Lizhu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8790-0623
Li, Qingyang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0474-3579
Gu, Zixin https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1875-7770
Cao, Luolong
Barker, Gareth J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5214-7421
Bokde, Arun L. W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0114-4914
Brühl, Rüdiger https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0111-5996
Desrivières, Sylvane https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9120-7060
Flor, Herta https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4809-5398
Garavan, Hugh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-1014
Gowland, Penny https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4900-4817
Grigis, Antoine
Heinz, Andreas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5405-9065
Martinot, Jean-Luc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0136-0388
Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère
Artiges, Eric https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4461-7646
Nees, Frauke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-8234
Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1242-8990
Poustka, Luise
Smolka, Michael N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5398-5569
Hohmann, Sarah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5175-6698
Holz, Nathalie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-9267
Vaidya, Nilakshi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4600-7158
Walter, Henrik https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9403-6121
Whelan, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2790-7281
Schumann, Gunter https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9473-1047
Yang, Li https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3771-5969
Banaschewski, Tobias https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-1144
Luo, Qiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0426-6039
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Article History
Received: 12 December 2024
Accepted: 9 December 2025
First Online: 10 February 2026
Competing interests
: S.C. has declared reimbursement for travel and accommodation expenses from the Association for Child and Adolescent Central Health (ACAMH) in relation to lectures delivered for ACAMH, the Canadian AADHD Alliance Resource, the British Association of Psychopharmacology, Healthcare Convention and CCM Group team for educational activity on ADHD, and has received honoraria from Medice. T.B. served in an advisory or consultancy role for Eye Level, Infectopharm, Medice, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Oberberg GmbH and Takeda. He received conference support or speaker’s fees from Janssen-Cilag, Medice and Takeda. He received royalties from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien and Oxford University Press. The present work is unrelated to the above grants and relationships. L.P. served in an advisory or consultancy role for Roche and Viforpharm and received speaker’s fees from Shire. She received royalties from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer and Schattauer. The present work is unrelated to the above grants and relationships. The other authors declare no competing interests.
