Dohnány, Sebastian https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2376-2838
Kurth-Nelson, Zeb https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0119-1289
Spens, Eleanor https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9327-6342
Luettgau, Lennart
Reid, Alastair https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9617-6172
Gabriel, Iason
Summerfield, Christopher
Shanahan, Murray
Nour, Matthew M.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (315364/Z/24/Z)
Merton College, University of Oxford (NA)
Article History
Received: 1 August 2025
Accepted: 15 January 2026
First Online: 10 March 2026
Competing interests
: M.M.N. is a principal applied scientist at Microsoft AI. M.S. is a principal scientist at Google DeepMind. I.G. is a senior staff scientist at Google DeepMind. Z.K.-N. is chief scientist at Prefrontal.ai.