Zillich, Lea https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7457-374X
D’Augello, Sofia https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1095-3603
Avetyan, Diana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0126-7474
Delgado, Graciela E.
Gizer, Ian R.
Jung, Jeesun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2668-5541
Katrinli, Seyma https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1575-8642
Kleber, Marcus E.
Merrill, Natalie
Moissl-Blanke, Angela P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0302-2136
Núñez-Rios, Diana L.
Otto, Jacqueline M.
Zillich, Eric https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-7243
Friedel, Eva
Hancock, Dana B.
Johnson, Eric O. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8870-1949
Martínez-Magaña, José Jaime https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0390-8252
Nagamatsu, Sheila T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-5094
Sosnowski, David W.
White, Julie D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2235-4817
Aberg, Karolina A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6103-5168
Copeland, William E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1348-7781
Diazgranados, Nancy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7415-8455
Fani, Negar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7720-252X
Gelernter, Joel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4067-1859
Goldman, David
Foo, Jerome C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1067-5725
Kranzler, Henry R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1018-0450
Levey, Daniel F. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8431-9569
März, Winfried
Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.
Polimanti, Renato https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0745-6046
Powers, Abigail
Smith, Alicia K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8537-5156
Spanagel, Rainer https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2151-4521
van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-4405
Wilhelmsen, Kirk C.
Witt, Stephanie H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1571-1468
Domschke, Katharina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2550-9132
Schiele, Miriam A.
Maher, Brion S.
Montalvo Ortiz, Janitza L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-8365
Clark, Shaunna L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3193-6923
Lohoff, Falk W.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (551108212)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (402170461)
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01ZX01909)
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01ZX01909)
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Article History
Received: 29 August 2025
Accepted: 8 May 2026
First Online: 29 June 2026
Competing interests
: H.R.K. is a member of advisory boards for Altimmune and Clearmind Medicine; a consultant to Sobrera Pharmaceuticals, Altimmune, and Lilly; the recipient of research funding and medication supplies for an investigator-initiated study from Alkermes and a company-initiated study by Altimmune; and an inventor on US provisional patent “Multi-ancestry Genome-wide Association Meta-analysis of Buprenorphine Treatment Response.” J.M.O. is a current employee and stockholder of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. J.M.O. contributed to the paper as an analyst while affiliated with the University of Missouri. M.E.K. and W.M. are employees of Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH. K.D. has been a member of the Janssen-Cilag GmbH Steering Committee Neurosciences and received speaker’s honoraria from Janssen-Cilag GmbH until 2022. Currently, K.D. is a member of the Neurotorium Editorial Board, Lundbeck Foundation. The other authors declare no competing interests.