Yang, Guangrui
Jiang, Xuanwei
Wang, Jingxuan
Shi, Shuxiao
Wang, Sujing
Wu, Deshan
Chen, Meng
Xu, Yaqing https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-4301
Feng, Nannan
Xu, Lan
Du, Xihao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6060-3071
Zhong, Victor W. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9208-4683
Funding for this research was provided by:
The AI4S Climber Initiative and the Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai.
Article History
Received: 13 December 2024
Accepted: 27 May 2026
First Online: 24 June 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This research complies with all relevant ethical regulations. U.K.B. received approval from the National Information Governance Board for Health and Social Care and the National Health Service North West Centre for Research Ethics Committee. The HRS was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Michigan and the National Institute on Aging.