Article History
Received: 17 November 2022
Accepted: 13 March 2023
First Online: 10 May 2023
Competing interests
: Dr. Czaplewski reports salary from Persica Pharmaceuticals Ltd., a company testing intradiscally administered antibiotics to treat CLBP in clinical trials; outside the scope of submitted work, personal fees from the Novo Repair Impact Fund, personal fees from Chemical Biology Ventures Ltd., and is a non-executive Director at Curza Inc. Drs. Zeitlinger and Standing report no competing interests.