Tipper, Holly J.
Payne, Rachel A.
Stanton, Isobel C.
Shelton, Jennifer M. G.
Hart, Alwyn
Schmidt, Wiebke
Mali, Purvi
Singer, Andrew C.
Read, Daniel S.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Environment Research Council (PAthways of Chemicals Into Freshwaters and their ecological ImpaCts (PACIFIC) project (NE/X015947/1))
Natural Environment Research Council (PAthways of Chemicals Into Freshwaters and their ecological ImpaCts (PACIFIC) project (NE/X015947/1))
Natural Environment Research Council (PAthways of Chemicals Into Freshwaters and their ecological ImpaCts (PACIFIC) project (NE/X015947/1))
Environment Agency funded by HMT through the Shared Outcomes Fund (Pathogen Surveillance in Agriculture, Food and Environment (PATH-SAFE) Programme)
Environment Agency funded by HMT through the Shared Outcomes Fund (Pathogen Surveillance in Agriculture, Food and Environment (PATH-SAFE) Programme)
Environment Agency funded by HMT through the Shared Outcomes Fund (Pathogen Surveillance in Agriculture, Food and Environment (PATH-SAFE) Programme)
Environment Agency funded by HMT through the Shared Outcomes Fund (Pathogen Surveillance in Agriculture, Food and Environment (PATH-SAFE) Programme)
Environment Agency funded by HMT through the Shared Outcomes Fund (Pathogen Surveillance in Agriculture, Food and Environment (PATH-SAFE) Programme)
Environment Agency funded by HMT through the Shared Outcomes Fund (Pathogen Surveillance in Agriculture, Food and Environment (PATH-SAFE) Programme)
Environment Agency funded by HMT through the Shared Outcomes Fund (Pathogen Surveillance in Agriculture, Food and Environment (PATH-SAFE) Programme)
Environment Agency funded by HMT through the Shared Outcomes Fund (Pathogen Surveillance in Agriculture, Food and Environment (PATH-SAFE) Programme)
Article History
Received: 4 February 2026
Accepted: 20 May 2026
First Online: 2 June 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.