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AI outperforms humans in establishing interpersonal closeness in emotionally engaging interactions, but only when labelled as human

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-025-00391-7

Published Online: 2026-01-14

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Kleinert, Tobias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4937-3778
Waldschütz, Marie https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1685-3829
Blau, Julian https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1893-2943
Heinrichs, Markus

Schiller, Bastian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1063-1434
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-01-14

Version of Record valid from 2026-02-05
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Article History

Received: 17 June 2025

Accepted: 18 December 2025

First Online: 14 January 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.