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Article History

Received: 8 February 2025

Revised: 4 March 2025

Accepted: 8 March 2025

First Online: 26 March 2025

Competing interests

: Competing interests for each author have been declared. PG, CR, EE, SVS, JH, LC, CR, BTH, VP, ML, MST, PLP, MRM, RC, HK, TM, RA, RJ, MP, TSM, FDN, MG, RB, RHW: No competing interests connected with this study. MRM is supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Oxford. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. JT: personal financial interest in form of scientific consultancy role for Alentis Therapeutics/AstraZeneca/Aveo Oncology/Boehringer Ingelheim/Cardiff Oncology/CARSgen Therapeutics/Chugai/Daiichi Sankyo/F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd/Genentech Inc/hC Bioscience/Immodulon Therapeutics/Inspirna Inc/Lilly/Menarini/Merck Serono/Merus/MSD/Mirati/Neophore/Novartis/Ona Therapeutics/Ono Pharma USA/Orion Biotechnology/Peptomyc, Pfizer/Pierre Fabre/Samsung Bioepis/Sanofi/Scandion Oncology/Scorpion Therapeutics/Seattle Genetics/Servier/Sotio Biotech/Taiho/Takeda Oncology/Tolremo Therapeutics. Stocks: Oniria Therapeutics/Alentis Therapeutics/Pangaea Oncology,1TRIALSP, and also educational collaboration with Medscape Education/PeerView Institute for Medical Education and Physicians Education Resource (PER). TA reports attending advisory board meetings and receiving consulting fees from Abbvie/Aptitude Health/Bristol Myers Squibb/Gritstone Oncology/Gilead/GlaxoSmithKline/Merck & Co. Inc./Nordic Oncology/Pfizer/Seagen/Servier/Takeda and honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb/GlaxoSmithKline/Merck & Co. Inc./Merck Serono/Roche/Sanofi/Seagen/Servier; and a DMC member role for Inspirna and support for meetings from Bristol Myers Squibb/Merck & Co. Inc./Takeda. JuT has received honoraria as a speaker and/or in an advisory role from AMGEN/Astelllas/Astra Zeneca/BMS/Boehringer/Merck KGaA/MSD/Novartis/ONO pharmaceuticals/Pierre Fabre/Roche Genentech/Sanofi/Servier/Takeda. A.B. reports receipt of grants/research supports from Neophore/AstraZeneca/Boehringer Ingelheim and honoraria/consultation fees from Guardant Health. A.B. is stock shareholder of Neophore and Kither Biotech. A.B. is advisory boards member for Neophore.

: All patients provided written informed consent before participating in any study-related procedure. An ethics review committee approved the protocol, its amendments, and informed consent documentation were reviewed and approved by the institutional review board(s) or independent ethics committee(s) at each institution/country. The trial was authorised by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in the UK and applicable competent authorities in each of the participating countries. The MErCuRIC study was conducted as part of the portfolio of trials in the registered UKCRC Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit (OCTRU) at the University of Oxford. It followed their Standard Operating Procedures ensuring compliance with the principles of Good Clinical Practice and the Declaration of Helsinki and any applicable regulatory requirements.

: All data has been anonymised and the manuscript does not contain any individually identifiable data.