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Authors
Osterlund, Emerik https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0973-6332
Ristimäki, Ari
Nunes, Luís
Kytölä, Soili
Aho, Sonja
Heervä, Eetu
Uutela, Aki
Lehtomäki, Kaisa
Stedt, Hanna
Halonen, Päivi
Kontiainen, Joel
Muhonen, Timo
Kallio, Raija
Sundström, Jari
Ålgars, Annika
Ristamäki, Raija
Nieminen, Lasse
Sorbye, Halfdan
Pfeiffer, Per
Salminen, Tapio
Nordin, Arno
Lamminmäki, Annamarja
Mäkinen, Markus J.
Sjöblom, Tobias
Isoniemi, Helena
Glimelius, Bengt
Osterlund, Pia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Lions Cancerforskningsfond Mellansverige
Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility Area of Tampere, Helsinki, Turku, Kuopio, Oulu, and Satakunta Hospitals (2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025)
Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility Area of Tampere, Helsinki, Turku, Kuopio, Oulu, and Satakunta Hospitals (2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025)
Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility Area of Tampere, Helsinki, Turku, Kuopio, Oulu, and Satakunta Hospitals (2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025)
Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility Area of Tampere, Helsinki, Turku, Kuopio, Oulu, and Satakunta Hospitals (2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025)
Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility Area of Tampere, Helsinki, Turku, Kuopio, Oulu, and Satakunta Hospitals (2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025)
Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility Area of Tampere, Helsinki, Turku, Kuopio, Oulu, and Satakunta Hospitals (2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025)
Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility Area of Tampere, Helsinki, Turku, Kuopio, Oulu, and Satakunta Hospitals (2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025)
Helsinki University Hospital research fund (2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024)
Helsinki University Hospital research fund (2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024)
Helsinki University Hospital research fund (2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024)
Syöpäsäätiö (2019–2020, 2021, 2022–2023, 2024)
Syöpäsäätiö (2019–2020, 2021, 2022–2023, 2024)
Amgen (2012-2020, 2023)
Amgen (2012-2020, 2023)
Cancerfonden (CAN 2016/447, 2018/1165, 22 2054 Pj 01H)
Cancerfonden (CAN 2016/447, 2018/1165, 22 2054 Pj 01H)
Relander Foundation (2020-2022)
Finska Läkaresällskapet (2016, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025)
Tampere University Hospital Fund (Tukisäätiö 2019, 2020, 2023 and OOO-project 2020, 2022)
Eli Lilly and Company (2012-2017)
Merck KGaA (2012-2020)
Roche Oy (2012-2020)
Sanofi (2012-2017)
Servier (2016-2024)
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Article History
Received: 11 July 2025
Revised: 14 September 2025
Accepted: 28 September 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Competing interests
: All authors report institutional research funding from Eli Lilly, Merck KGaA, Roche Finland, and Sanofi, and unrestricted grants from Amgen and Servier during the conduct of the study. EO has received consulting fees from Amgen, lecture honoraria from Amgen, travel reimbursements from Amgen, Merck KGaA, and Nordic Drugs, a personal postdoc grant from Finska Läkaresällskapet, and an institutional postdoc grant from Gastrointestinal Onkologisk Förening. LNu was employed by Oncodia AB at the time of the collection of the Uppsala region cohort. SA has received consulting fees from Accord Healthcare and Merck KGaA and travel reimbursements from Merck KGaA and Servier. EH has received travel reimbursements from AstraZeneca, Novartis, and Pfizer. AU has received consulting fees from Amgen, lecture honoraria from Amgen and AstraZeneca, and travel reimbursements from Amgen, Merck KGaA, and Nordic Drugs. KL has received consulting fees from Amgen, Bayer, and Roche, lecture honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Gilead, Janssen, Pfizer, Roche, and Servier, and travel reimbursements from Merck KGaA and Servier. HSt has received consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Eisai, Merck KGaA, MSD, and Takeda, lecture honoraria from Amgen and Pierre Fabre, and travel reimbursements from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, and Merck KGaA. PH has received lecture honoraria from Gilead. JK has received consulting fees from Takeda and travel reimbursements from Novartis and Servier. RK has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca and travel reimbursement from AstraZeneca. AÅ has received consulting fees from Merck KGaA, lecture honoraria from Gilead, and travel reimbursements from Novartis and Roche. RR has received lecture honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Incyte, Merck KGaA, Roche, and Servier. LNi has received consulting fees from MSD and lecture honoraria from Amgen and AstraZeneca. HSo has received consulting fees from BMS and lecture honoraria from Daiichi Sankyo and Pierre Fabre. PP has received consulting fees or lecture honoraria from Astellas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, GSK, Merck KGaA, MSD, Nordic Drugs, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Scandion, Servier, Taiho, and Takeda. AL has received consulting fees from Amgen and Servier, and lecture honoraria from Amgen and Novartis. TSj is co-founder and shareholder of Oncodia AB. BG has received an unrestricted research grant from Amgen. PO has received consulting/advisory board fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Danone, Eisai, Incyte, Ipsen, Merck KGaA, MSD Oncology, Nordic Drugs, Pfizer, Servier, and Takeda, research funding from BMS, Celgene, Incyte, MSD, Nordic Drugs, and travel reimbursements from Bayer and Daiichi Sankyo.
