Smith, Craig D. L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-7472
McMahon, Alex D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9425-7792
Inman, Gareth J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6264-4253
Conway, David I. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7762-4063
Douglas, Catriona M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5564-1513
Paterson, Claire https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1691-5016
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cancer Research UK
European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (825771)
Chief Scientist Office NRS Fellowship and an MRC CARP Award
Beatson Cancer Charity and an NHS Research Scotland Senior Fellowship
Article History
Received: 22 September 2025
Revised: 13 December 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026
First Online: 4 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Local clinical NHS Caldicott Guardian and University of Glasgow ethical approvals (Project number 200240340) were obtained for this cohort analysis of minimally identifiable, routinely consented, clinical data.