Camacho-Valenzuela, José
Matis, Thibaut
Roca, Carla
Cuamatzi Flores, Jorge Luis
Hamel, Nancy
Rivera, Barbara
Gravel, Simon
Polak, Paz
Robles-Espinoza, Carla Daniela
Foulkes, William D.
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Council for Science and Technology
Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FDN-148390)
Article History
Received: 18 October 2025
Revised: 18 February 2026
Accepted: 4 March 2026
First Online: 8 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The TCGA consortium collected tumour and non-tumour biospecimens from participating human subjects under the authorization of the corresponding institutional review boards. Informed consent was obtained from all participants by the TCGA consortium. Further information is available at . Access to controlled germline sequencing data (blood-derived BAM files) from TCGA was obtained through the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP) and the GDC portal under an approved project (Project #34072; accession phs000178.v11.p8). Additional information regarding TCGA ethics and data use policies is available at: . All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. No identifiable human images are included in this study.