Liu, Xiang
Zhu, Yining https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7178-0097
Wei, Christine https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0831-6813
Lin, Jinghan https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1475-1895
Yu, Di https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5000-2100
Kong, Jiayuan
Shao, Fangchi
Ma, Jingyao
Xu, Tian
Lu, Xiaoya
Su, Yunhe https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6319-7858
Goodier, Kailei D.
Cheng, Leonardo
Toh, Wu Han https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7772-2528
Erb, Christopher J.
Li, Sixuan
Wang, Tza-Huei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3540-9354
Mao, Hai-Quan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4262-9988
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R01CA293906-01A1)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (P41EB028239)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01AI183336)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01CA260628)
Article History
Received: 12 May 2025
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Competing interests
: H.-Q.M., Y.Z., and X. Liu are co-inventors of a US provisional patent application covering the cLNP formulations described in this paper, filed through and managed by Johns Hopkins Technology Ventures on 19 July 2025 (application no. 63/847,085). The other authors declare no competing interests.