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Authors
Zhang, Shiteng
Liu, Jiarui
Xiong, Zhongming
Chen, Xuan
Liu, Yue
Zeng, Junjie
Zhuge, Yan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Australia SmartCrete Cooperative Research Centre (21.R1.0019)
Australian Research Council (ARCDP210100020)
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Article History
Received: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 1 December 2025
First Online: 3 February 2026
Competing interests
: Yan Zhuge is an Editorial Board Member of npj Materials Sustainability but is not involved in the peer-review process or decision making for this manuscript. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.
