McElhany, Stuart
Konwar, Anushree
Zheng, Qi
Zhu, Xiaohong
Carraro, Carlo
Monteiro, Paulo J. M.
Maboudian, Roya
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (1935604)
Basic Energy Sciences (DE-AC02-05CH11231)
Basic Energy Sciences (DE-AC02-05CH11231)
Basic Energy Sciences (DE-AC02-05CH11231)
Basic Energy Sciences (DE-AC02-05CH11231)
Article History
Received: 5 September 2025
Accepted: 17 March 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Competing interests
: Author R.M. is an Editorial Board Member of npj Materials Sustainability. R.M. was not involved in the journal’s review of, or decisions related to, this manuscript. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.