Bouddahab, Oumaima
Aqillouch, Safaa
Charoute, Hicham
Noureddine, Rachid
El Hamouchi, Adil
Laazaazia, Oumaima
Aainouss, Achraf
Baba, Hanâ
Ouladlahsen, Ahd
Pineau, Pascal
Sarih, M’hammed
Maaroufi, Abderrahmane
Lkhider, Mustapha
Barakat, Abdelhamid
Ezzikouri, Sayeh
Funding for this research was provided by:
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
Action Concertées Interpasteuriennes grant from Institut Pasteur (Paris), 505
Article History
Received: 15 May 2025
Accepted: 11 August 2025
First Online: 19 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ibn Rochd Hospital in Casablanca (2020–2022) and the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of Rabat (Approval Number: S/22). Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study.