Roe, McKenna D.
Coggins, Si’Ana A.
Darcey, Emily S.
Goguet, Emilie
Haines-Hull, Hannah
Esposito, Dominic
Olsen, Cara H.
Pollett, Simon D.
Mitre, Edward
Laing, Eric D.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Defense Health Program (HU00012020067, HU00012020067)
Defense Health Agency (HU00011920111, HU00011920111)
Immunization Healthcare Branch (HU00012120104, HU00012120104)
Article History
Received: 15 May 2025
Accepted: 14 October 2025
First Online: 29 October 2025
Competing interests
: S.D.P. reports that the USU IDCRP, a U.S. Department of Defense DoD Institution, and the HJF were funded under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement to conduct an unrelated phase III COVID-19 monoclonal antibody immunoprophylaxis trial sponsored by AstraZeneca. The HJF, in support of the USU IDCRP, was funded by the DoD Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense to augment the conduct of an unrelated phase III vaccine trial sponsored by AstraZeneca. Both trials were part of the USG COVID-19 response. Neither is related to the work presented here. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.