Li, Xuechun
Gao, Shan
Gao, Runyu
Xu, Susu
Funding for this research was provided by:
Directorate for STEM Education (CMMI-2242590, CMMI-2242590, CMMI-2242590, CMMI-2242590)
National Science Foundation (OAC-2442712, OAC-2442712, OAC-2442712, OAC-2442712)
Article History
Received: 31 March 2025
Accepted: 13 May 2025
First Online: 23 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.