Yang, Qianqian
Gao, Meng
Funding for this research was provided by:
China Meteorological Administration Aerosol-Cloud and Precipitation Key Laboratory, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (KDW2410)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42322902)
Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (C2002-22Y, HKBU12201023 and HKBU12202021)
Article History
Received: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.