Oláhová, Monika https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4082-3875
Guerra, Rachel M
Collier, Jack J
Heidler, Juliana https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5315-314X
Thompson, Kyle
White, Chelsea R
Castañeda-Tamez, Paulina
Cabrera-Orefice, Alfredo
Lightowlers, Robert N https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0587-9937
Chrzanowska-Lightowlers, Zofia M A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-3152
Galkin, Alexander
Wittig, Ilka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9751-8054
Pagliarini, David J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-0087
Taylor, Robert W https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7768-8873
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (203105/Z/16/Z)
Biochemical Society (N/A)
Barbour Foundation UK (N/A)
NIHR | NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (N/A)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (WI 3728/1-1)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (WI-3728/3-1)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB1531)
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (mitoNET 01GM1906D)
HHS | National Institutes of Health (R01NS112381)
HHS | National Institutes of Health (R01NS131322)
HHS | National Institutes of Health (R35GM131795)
BJC Investigator Program (N/A)
Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland (N/A)
Mito Foundation (N/A)
Lily Foundation (N/A)
Fight for Sight UK
Academy of Medical Sciences
LifeArc (N/A)
UK NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders (N/A)
Article History
Received: 3 November 2024
Revised: 10 July 2025
Accepted: 22 July 2025
First Online: 26 August 2025
Disclosure and competing interests statement
: The authors declare no competing interests.