Weiden, Eva-Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9582-4448
Serianz, Zala https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5753-3637
Klingl, Yvonne https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2779-3357
Jörs, Simone https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5721-2878
Jaślan, Dawid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0685-7633
Keller, Marco https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4792-3980
Castro, Sandra Prat
Mkhitaryan, Mane https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7426-3088
Jeridi, Aicha
Briukhovetska, Daria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2073-2335
Spix, Barbara
Scotto Rosato, Anna
Agami, Ahmed
Schiller, Herbert B
Rajan, Suhasini
Schredelseker, Johann https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6657-0466
Fois, Giorgio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5414-1149
Frick, Manfred
Kobold, Sebastian
Klein, Margarethe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-8427
Geisler, Fabian
Garcia-Fortanet, Jorge https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9232-2198
Murphy, Leon O
Bracher, Franz https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0009-8629
Wahl-Schott, Christian
Gudermann, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0323-7965
Dietrich, Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1168-8707
Biel, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9974-3052
Yildirim, Ali Önder https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1969-480X
Grimm, Christian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0177-5559
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (GRK2338 P08)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (GRK2338 P08)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (GRK2338 P09)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB/TRR152 P04)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB/TRR152 P12)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB/TRR152 P15)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB/TRR152 P16)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (GR4315/6-1)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (GR4315/7-1)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB1328 A21)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB/TRR152 P046)
EC | Horizon Europe | Excellent Science | HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (Grant 101168810)
EC | Horizon Europe | Excellent Science | HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (Grant 955575)
EC | European Research Council (Grant 101100460)
EC | European Research Council (Grant 101124203)
EC | European Research Council (Grant 756017)
Article History
Received: 14 July 2025
Revised: 20 January 2026
Accepted: 28 January 2026
First Online: 19 February 2026
Disclosure and competing interests statement
: SK has received honoraria from Plectonic, TCR2 Inc., Miltenyi, Galapagos, Cymab, Novartis, Regeneron, BMS, and GSK. SK is an inventor of several patents in the field of immuno-oncology. SK and SE received license fees from TCR2 Inc. and Carina Biotech. SK received research support from TCR2 Inc., Tabby Therapeutics, Catalym GmbH, Plectonic GmbH, and Arcus Bioscience for work unrelated to the manuscript. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. JG-F and LOM are employees of Casma Therapeutics, 201 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, USA, 02215.