Zhang, Shan https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8394-2216
Ye, Jin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-5344
Zhang, Manjuan
Cao, Jie
Li, Yujuan https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4865-3924
Hu, Ranran
Chen, Da
Li, Ting
Chen, Jiasheng https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3411-3505
Zhu, Wen
Jiang, Wenli
Li, Jianchao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8921-1626
Hu, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4826-4633
Liu, Jianzhao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9465-6075
Liu, Xing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7480-5085
Wang, Chao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3192-2780
Funding for this research was provided by:
MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (91953110,22122703,32470808; 32170767)
MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (32521003)
MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (32100764)
MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (22477109)
University of Science and Technology of China (YD9100002507; LS9100000002; WK2490250006)
the fundamental and interdisciplinary disciplines Breakthrough Plan of the Ministry of Education of China (JYB2025XDXM505)
the center for advanced interdisciplinary science and biomedicine of IHM (QYPY20220014)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB0490000)
Article History
Received: 17 November 2025
Revised: 13 May 2026
Accepted: 21 May 2026
First Online: 2 June 2026
Disclosure and competing interests statement
: The authors declare no competing interests.