Richard, Jean-Baptiste https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4052-9772
Hoyle, Anna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6517-2546
Bower, Molly
Wu, Shihong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8684-8330
Worthington, Leia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3123-7305
Davidson, Sarah
Varyova, Zofia
Morrell, Caroline https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8135-6927
Pohin, Mathilde
Schonfeldova, Barbora
Wong, Zhi Yi
MacDonald, Lucy
Kurowska-Stolarska, Mariola https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-7777
Dakin, Stephanie G https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2470-1031
Udalova, Irina
Dendrou, Calliope A
Schwenzer, Anja https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6375-924X
Buckley, Christopher D
Midwood, Kim S https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8813-2977
Funding for this research was provided by:
Versus Arthritis (22072)
Versus Arthritis (VA RESOLVE)
Kennedy Trust for Rheumatology Research (TBIO)
Kennedy Trust for Rheumatology Research (OXKEN)
MRC (CTRF)
Cancer Research UK (DTP)
Article History
Received: 4 March 2025
Revised: 28 August 2025
Accepted: 2 September 2025
First Online: 22 September 2025
Disclosure and competing interests statement
: CDB conflicts are: Consultancy (Paid): GSK, AbbVie, Takeda, CICOR Roche, Janssen Innovative Medicines. Investigator Initiated Grants (funded to University of Oxford) GSK, Janssen Innovative medicines. Founding shares: Mestag Therapeutics. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.