Módos, Dezső https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9412-6867
Thomas, John P
Brooks-Warburton, Johanne
Poletti, Martina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0066-7687
Bohar, Balazs
Liu, Yufan https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1253-1798
Madgwick, Matthew
Csabai, Luca
Kang, Wen-Xin
Alexander-Dann, Benjamin
Zoufir, Azedine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8501-5348
Sudhakar, Padhmanand
Cozzetto, Domenico
Fazekas, David https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7605-592X
Samarajiwa, Shamith
Carding, Simon R https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2383-9701
Powell, Nicholas
Verstockt, Bram
Bender, Andreas
Korcsmaros, Tamas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1717-996X
Funding for this research was provided by:
EC | European Research Council (336159)
NIHR | NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (Chain Florey Clinical Research Fellowship)
UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/R012490/1)
UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/F/000PR10353)
UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/F/000PR10355)
UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/M011216/1)
UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/S50743X/1)
UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/CSP1720/1)
UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/T/000PR9819)
UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/T/000PR9817)
UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/J004529/1)
UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/X011054/1)
UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/F/000PR13631)
KU Leuven (Clinical Research Fund (KOOR))
Benovelant AI (a National Productivity Investment Fund CASE Award)
Wellcome Trust (WT101159)
Crohn's and Colitis UK
Imperial College London (Imperial College Research Fellowship)
UKRI | Medical Research Council (Chain Florey Clinical Research Fellowship)
Article History
Received: 23 October 2024
Revised: 23 October 2025
Accepted: 27 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Disclosure and competing interests statement
: JBW, TK and SRC are named inventors on a patent application on the iSNP workflow to create disease-specific networks from SNP data. JPT has received research support from AstraZeneca. JBW has received lecture fees from Falk Pharma and financial support for research from AbbVie. DM got consultancy fees from HEALX and IOTA Pharmaceuticals. NP spoke for Allergan, Bristol Myers Squibb, Falk, Ferring, Janssen, Pfizer, Tillotts, and Takeda, and as a consultant and/or advisory board member for AbbVie, Allergan, Celgene, Bristol Myers Squibb, Ferring, and Vifor Pharma. BV has received research support from AbbVie, Biora Therapeutics, Landos, Pfizer, Sossei Heptares and Takeda; Speaker’s fees from Abbvie, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celltrion, Chiesi, Eli Lily, Falk, Ferring, Galapagos, Janssen, MSD, Pfizer, R-Biopharm, Takeda, Truvion and Viatris; Consultancy fees from Abbvie, Alimentiv, Applied Strategic, Atheneum, Biora Therapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lily, Galapagos, Guidepoint, Landos, Mylan, Inotrem, Ipsos, Janssen, Progenity, Sandoz, Sosei Heptares, Takeda, Tillots Pharma and Viatris. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.