Lee, Jia-Ying Joey
Zhang, Jingtao
Chew, Sin-Chi
Loong, Shihleone
Xu, Liang
Kong, Jia-Wen Carmen
Grigoryev, Fedor
Chung, Alexander Yaw-Fui
Teo, Jin-Yao
Cheow, Peng-Chung
Bonney, Glenn
Goh, Brian K P
Leow, Wei-Qiang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6003-9837
Wang, Yulan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2831-8737
Loo, Lit-Hsin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6303-9840
Chow, Pierce Kah-Hoe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0584-2584
Funding for this research was provided by:
MOH | National Medical Research Council (MOH-OFLCG21jun-0001)
MOH | National Medical Research Council (TCR/015-NCC/2016)
MOH | National Medical Research Council (NMRC/CSA-SI/0018/2017)
A*STAR | Bioinformatics Institute
Article History
Received: 15 July 2025
Revised: 7 March 2026
Accepted: 12 March 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Disclosure and competing interests statement
: Dr. Pierce Kah-Hoe Chow received honoraria from La Hoffman-Roche, Sirtex Medical; research funding from Sirtex Medical, Ipsen, IQVIA, New B Innovation, AMiLi, Perspectum, MiRXES, La Hoffman-Roche; holds consultancy or advisory role in Sirtex Medical, Ipsen, BMS, Oncosil, Bayer, New B Innovation, MSD, Guerbet, Roche, AUM Bioscience, L.E.K. Consulting, Astra Zeneca, Eisai, Genentech, IQVIA, Abbott. Dr. Lit-Hsin Loo and Jia-Ying Lee are co-founders and shareholders of ImmunoQs Pte. Ltd., which provides commercial tissue image visualization services based on the HistoPath Analytics (HPA) Platform developed by them. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.