Hecker, Julia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4118-3961
Plattner, Christina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3278
Cancino, Camila A
Löscher, Britt-Sabina
Saurenbach, Judith
Letizia, Marilena
Rieder, Dietmar
,
Freise, Inka
Koop, Kristina
Neufert, Clemens
Kunkel, Désirée
Al Khatim, Zainab
Schaafs, Lars-Arne
Schütz, Anja https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0606-2574
Becker, Christoph
Atreya, Raja
Trajanoski, Zlatko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0636-7351
Franke, Andre
Sonnenberg, Elena
Hegazy, Ahmed N
Siegmund, Britta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0055-958X
Weidinger, Carl https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9948-0088
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (375876048)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (50474582)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (431232613)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (372486779)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (We 5303/3-1)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (375876048)
Fritz Thyssen Stiftung
Austrian Science Fund (I6057)
Article History
Received: 4 October 2024
Revised: 17 April 2025
Accepted: 24 April 2025
First Online: 30 May 2025
Disclosure and competing interests statement
: BS received grant support by Pfizer, served as consultant for Abbvie, BMS, Boehringer, Endpoint Health, Falk, Galapagos, Gilead, Lilly, MSD, Pfizer, Takeda (BS served as representative of the Charité) and received speaker’s fees from Abbvie, BMS, CED Service GmbH, Falk, Ferring, Galapagos, Janssen, Lilly, Pfizer, Takeda (BS served as representative of the Charité). CW received grant support by Pfizer, served as a consultant for Pfizer and received speaker’s fees from Falk, Ferring, Janssen. Boehringer Ingelheim was given the opportunity to review the manuscript for medical and scientific accuracy as well as intellectual property considerations in relation to the potential mention of BI substances. Boehringer Ingelheim had no role in the design, analysis or interpretation of the results in this study. Spesolimab was made available on the basis of an out-of-scope request.