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Authors
Woo, Marcel S https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1306-2708
Therriault, Joseph https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7826-4781
Hosseini, Seyyed Ali
Wang, Yi-Ting
Macedo, Arthur C
Rahmouni, Nesrine
Aumont, Étienne
Servaes, Stijn https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4431-957X
Tissot, Cécile https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2711-3833
Fernandez-Arias, Jaime
Trudel, Lydia
Hall, Brandon
Bezgin, Gleb
Quispialaya-Socualaya, Kely
Goncalves, Marina
Chan, Tevy https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9134-5949
Stevenson, Jenna
Zheng, Yansheng
Mitchell, Stuart https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5592-5783
Hopewell, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2478-5872
Pola, Ilaria
Tan, Kubra
Di Molfetta, Guglielmo
Lussier, Firoza Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6877-4825
Massarweh, Gassan
Vitali, Paolo
Soucy, Jean-Paul
Gauthier, Serge
Ashton, Nicholas J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8804
Blennow, Kaj https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1890-4193
Pascoal, Tharick A
Zetterberg, Henrik https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3930-4354
Benedet, Andréa L
Rosa-Neto, Pedro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-1376
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Canadian Government | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP-11-51-31; RFN 152985, 159815, 162303)
Canadian Consortium of Neurodegeneration and Aging (MOP-11-51-31 -team 1)
WFF | Weston Brain Institute
Alzheimer's Association (NIRG-12-92090, NIRP-12-259245, #ADSF-21-831376-C, #ADSF-21-831381-C, #ADSF-21-831377-C, and #ADSF-24-1284328-C, ZEN-21-848495, SG-23-1038904 QC)
Brain Canada Foundation (CFI Project 34874; 33397)
FRQ | Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé (2020-VICO-279314)
Mitacs Graduate Fellowship (IT27627)
Max E Binz Fellowship-Medicine (F225864C02)
Grad Excellence Award in Neurology and Neurosurgery (M159875C51)
Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation (2023_EKMS.03)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (WO 2835/1-1)
Corona-Stiftung (S0199/10110/2025)
Swedish Research Council (#2023-00356, #2022-01018 and #2019-02397, #2017-00915 and #2022-00732)
European Union Horizon Europe research and innovation programme (101053962)
Swedish State Support for Clinical Research (#ALFGBG-71320)
Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation, USA (#201809-2016862)
AD Strategic Fund
European Partnership on Metrology (#22HLT07)
Bluefield Project
Cure Alzheimer's Fund
Olav Thon Foundation
Erling-Perssons Stiftelse
Familjen Rönströms Stiftelse
Stiftelsen för Gamla Tjänarinnor
Hjönfonden
Swedish State (#FO2022-0270, #ALZ2022-0006, #FO2024-0048-TK-130 and FO2024-0048-HK-24)
European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant (860197)
European Union Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND2021-00694)
National Institute for Health and Care Research
UK Dementia Research Institute (UKDRI-1003)
Anonymous donor
Swedish Alzheimer Foundation (#AF-930351, #AF-939721, #AF-968270, and #AF-994551)
Hjänfonden
Swedish State (#ALZ2022-0006, #FO2024-0048-TK-130 and FO2024-0048-HK-24)
ALF agreement (#ALFGBG-965240 and #ALFGBG-1006418)
European Union Joint Programme for Neurodegenerative Disorders (JPND2019-466-236)
La Fondation Recherche Alzheimer
Kirsten and Freddy Johansen Foundation
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Article History
Received: 17 June 2025
Revised: 18 September 2025
Accepted: 19 September 2025
First Online: 10 October 2025
Disclosure and competing interests statement
: MSW receives honoraria from Lilly for educational lectures outside the scope of this work. HZ has served at scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, ALZpath, Amylyx, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, Cognito Therapeutics, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Enigma, LabCorp, Merry Life, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Quanterix, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave, has given lectures sponsored by Alzecure, BioArctic, Biogen, Cellectricon, Fujirebio, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Roche, and WebMD, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program (outside submitted work). KB has served as a consultant and on advisory boards for AbbVie, AC Immune, ALZPath, AriBio, Beckman-Coulter, BioArctic, Biogen, Eisai, Lilly, Moleac Pte. Ltd, Neurimmune, Novartis, Ono Pharma, Prothena, Quanterix, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi, and Siemens Healthineers; has served at data monitoring committees for Julius Clinical and Novartis; has given lectures, produced educational materials and participated in educational programs for AC Immune, Biogen, Celdara Medical, Eisai and Roche Diagnostics; and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, outside the work presented in this paper.
