Fisher, Kimone L
Mpotje, Thabo
Nargan, Kievershen
Moodley, Denelle
Rajkumar-Bhugeloo, Kerishka
Baiyegunhi, Omolara O
Naidoo, Threnesan
Madansein, Rajhmun
Sathekge, Mike
Leslie, Alasdair
Tomlinson, Gillian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4342-3161
Pollara, Gabriele
Noursadeghi, Mahdad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-0853
Steyn, Adrie J C
Ndung’u, Thumbi
Marakalala, Mohlopheni J https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-1652
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (206751/A/17/Z)
Wellcome Trust (227167/A/23/Z)
Wellcome Trust (226405)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1210776)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-016239)
South African Medical Research Council (Mid-Career Scientist Programme (MJM) from funding received from the SA National Treasury)
South African Medical Research Council (Division of Research Capacity Development under the Internship Scholarship Programme (KLF))
South African Medical Research Council (Centre for Tuberculosis Research)
HHS | NIH | NIAID | Division of Intramural Research (R24AI186591)
Article History
Received: 18 March 2025
Revised: 15 April 2026
Accepted: 20 April 2026
First Online: 2 June 2026
Disclosure and competing interests statement
: The authors declare no competing interests.