George, Anthony M https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5680-8664
Chen, Yilun https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3758-6950
Gladchuk, Sergii https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-4068
Alcaide, Miguel https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9439-3388
Dalal, Hina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1868-1388
Meng, Pei
Brueffer, Christian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3826-0989
Saghir, Hani https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2666-2798
Kimbung, Siker
Aaltonen, Kristina
Oton, Lucia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8515-6754
Rushton, Christopher
Birkeälv, Sofia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8192-8334
Jönsson, Mats
Zackrisson, Sophia
Skarping, Ida https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-8649
Förnvik, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5083-7624
Zander, Lina
Honeth, Gabriella https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8086-2409
Woodhouse, Samuel
Howarth, Karen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-4583
Borg, Åke
Ehinger, Anna
Malmberg, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9500-8982
Rydén, Lisa
Loman, Niklas
Saal, Lao H https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0815-1896
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cancerfonden
Fru Berta Kamprads Stiftelse
Vetenskapsrådet
Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning
Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
VINNOVA
Gunnar Nilssons Cancerstiftelse
Stiftelsen Konung Gustaf V:s Jubileumsfond
Gyllenstiernska Krapperupsstiftelsen
EC | Horizon Europe | Excellent Science | HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions
Forskningsrådet för hälsa, arbetsliv och välfärd
Article History
Received: 10 November 2025
Revised: 24 April 2026
Accepted: 27 April 2026
First Online: 26 May 2026
Disclosure and competing interests statement
: AMG and LHS are co-founders of SAGA Diagnostics. AMG, YC, SG, MA, LO, CR, SB, and KH are current employees of SAGA Diagnostics. AMG, YC, SG, MA, CB, LO, CR, SB, SW, KH, MM, and LHS own shares in SAGA Dx Inc. AMG, YC, SG, MA, CB, CR, SB, SW, and LHS are named inventors of patents and patent applications related to the methods used in this study. CB owns InSilico Consulting, whose clients include cancer diagnostics and pharmaceutical companies, unrelated and with no role in this study. LHS has received honoraria from AstraZeneca and Pfizer, grant funding from Gilead Sciences, and consults for DoMore Diagnostics, all unrelated and with no role in this study. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.